Vascular access requires a deliberate and thoughtful approach. Optimal femoral access involves understanding anatomic, fluoroscopic, and ultrasound principles. Combining all 3 approaches optimizes femoral access and minimizes complications, with ultrasound guidance showing the most promising results for procedural success and safety. Transradial access for PCI and peripheral interventions offers benefits like reduced complications, shorter hospital stays, and improved safety. However, challenges include equipment limitations, radial spasm, and procedural complexity. Lower extremity interventions carry risks of access site complications. Prevention involves careful access technique, imaging, and timely management, including endovascular or surgical interventions for severe cases.
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