Background: TikTok's MedTok is an interconnected network of patients, providers, and producers sharing knowledge and experiences of health-related topics. Awareness of popular content on weight loss medications can benefit healthcare professionals, especially regarding side effects and management.
Objectives: Describe content in popular TikTok videos using side effect hashtags for gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Compare content between healthcare and non-healthcare creators and reported side effects versus medication package inserts.
Methods: This observational study evaluated videos for popular GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist side-effect hashtags on TikTok, in June 2023. Video metadata collected included content creator demographics, and content of video including side effects discussed and recommendations to address these. Side effects were compared to package insert data. Qualitative data was evaluated through descriptive coding, quantitative data through descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square for comparisons.
Results: A total of 165 videos were analyzed. Content creators were mostly medication users (89%) and non-healthcare professionals (90%). Medication indications included weight loss (82%), PCOS (20%), and diabetes (6%). Diet, exercise, or weight loss were discussed in 34%, 16%, and 38% of videos, respectively. Non-healthcare professionals mentioned specific products to address side effects more frequently than healthcare professionals, 24% versus 13% (p = 0.292). All side effects mentioned in at least five videos aligned with medication package inserts, most commonly gastrointestinal disturbances, except for insomnia.
Conclusion: Most content creators were non-healthcare professionals and medication users. Despite Ozempic and Mounjaro lacking FDA approval for weight loss at the time, it was the most identified indication. The alignment of most reported side effects with medication package inserts underscores the reliability of user-shared experiences, though discrepancies like insomnia were noted. Given TikTok's significant reach and influence, awareness of patient-reported experiences and recommendations is essential for healthcare providers to enhance care and dispel misconceptions.
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