Purpose Of Review: The Nasal Allergen Provocation Test (NAPT) is a valuable diagnostic tool for allergic rhinitis, particularly in cases where conventional tests, such as the skin prick test (SPT) and serum-specific IgE (sIgE), yield inconclusive results. By replicating real-life allergen exposure in a controlled setting, NAPT enables the assessment of allergen-specific nasal reactivity. This article aims to review the current knowledge of NAPT.
Recent Findings: Recent studies have reinforced NAPT as the gold standard for confirming nasal allergic responses. In the past, test protocols, allergen dosages, and outcome measurements varied widely. However, advancements in allergen standardization, the combination of objective and subjective measurements, and metered nasal allergen application have led to an improved and more reliable test method, with ongoing efforts to establish a universal protocol for clinical testing.
Summary: This review summarizes current knowledge on NAPT, including its clinical applications, indications, methodology, and recent advancements. Additionally, we compare NAPT with SPT and sIgE in terms of diagnostic accuracy. The protocols, allergen types and doses, test methodologies, and outcome measures of these studies were analyzed and compared.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000001066 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Protease-activated receptor 2 and IL-13Rα1 activation is linked to eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
March 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Cheng Shiu University. Electronic address:
Background: Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) and IL-13 receptor α1 (IL-13Rα1) play major roles in type 2 inflammation. However, most of the literature was limited to allergic asthma.
Objective: This study examined how these receptors contribute to upper respiratory tract inflammation and explored potential therapeutic targets in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS).
Systemic barrier dysfunction in type 2 inflammation diseases: perspective in the skin, airways, and gastrointestinal tract.
Immunol Res
March 2025
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
The epithelial barrier in different organs is the first line of defense against environmental insults and allergens, with type 2 immunity serving as a protective function. Genetic factors, and biological and chemical insults from the surrounding environment altered regulate epithelial homeostasis through disruption of epithelial tight junction proteins or dilated intercellular spaces. Recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction contributes to pathologic alteration in diseases with type 2 immune dysregulation including (but not limited to) atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and eosinophilic esophagitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAllergen Immunotherapy in Autoimmune Terrain: A Case Study.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
January 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Joshi Clinic, Mumbai, India.
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), or specific immunotherapy (SIT), is an effective treatment for inducing immune tolerance to specific allergens. It is widely used for allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, and Hymenoptera venom allergies, with recent applications to food allergies and atopic dermatitis. Despite its benefits, the use of SIT in patients with autoimmune diseases is controversial due to concerns about its potential to induce or exacerbate autoimmune conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAllergic Conditions and Their Impact on Pediatric Sleep: A Narrative Review.
J Pharm Bioallied Sci
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
This narrative review explores the relationship between allergic diseases and sleep disorders in children, highlighting the significant impact allergies have on pediatric sleep quality. Allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis are prevalent in children and are known to contribute to sleep disturbances. These disorders can lead to issues such as sleep fragmentation, obstructive sleep apnea, and excessive daytime sleepiness, which negatively affect cognitive function, behavior, and overall well-being.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative Evaluation of an Allergen Exposure Chamber and Nasal Allergen Challenge Versus In-Field Symptom Assessment in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis Triggered by Timothy Grass Pollen.
Allergy
March 2025
Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Background: An allergen exposure chamber (AEC) is a specialized medical facility designed to expose individuals to allergens at precise and consistent concentrations within a controlled environment. This study aimed to correlate the assessment of clinical endpoints in patients with allergic rhinitis sensitized to timothy grass pollen (Phleum pratense) by comparing three different methods: AEC, nasal allergen challenge (NAC), and symptoms during natural exposure during the grass pollen season.
Methods: Fifteen allergic subjects and twelve healthy controls were evaluated in the ALLEC AEC; allergic symptoms were measured by subjective and objective methods, including total nasal symptom score (TNSS), acoustic rhinometry (AcR), peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), and nasal discharge amount.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!