Trichodenoids A and B, Two Skeletally Unprecedented Polyketides from with Cardioprotective Effects against HO-Induced Injury.

, recognized by the FDA as a food-safe strain, plays a vital role in food fermentation. Although the enzymatic applications of are well-established, the health benefits of its fermentation-derived metabolites are yet to be fully explored. Trichodenoids A () and B (), two skeletally unprecedented polyketides, were isolated from the endophytic fungus originating from the plant Blume. Their structures were elucidated via spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis, quantum chemical DP4+ analysis, and ECD calculation. Compounds and were uniquely defined by the unusual 6/6/5 and 6/6/5/6 ring systems, respectively, which were proposed to be formed through key Diels-Alder and Baeyer-Villiger reactions during biosynthesis. Compound had the potential to mitigate HO-induced oxidative stress in H9C2 cells by reducing intracellular ROS levels, restoring mitochondrial function, and regulating the mRNA expression related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy. These findings highlight compound as a potential candidate for natural antioxidants and even as dietary supplements for cardiovascular health.