Sustainability is a key priority in polymer synthesis, aiming to reduce reliance on nonrenewable resources by using greener components in the polymerization process. Emulsion polymerization stands out as an environmentally friendly method for producing polymers due to its utilization of water as a dispersant. The use of renewable, bio-based materials in emulsion polymerization formulations further enhances the process sustainability. This review examines recent advancements in bio-based monomers as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based monomers in emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization. These bio-based monomers include vegetable oils, lignin derivatives, terpenes, proteins, and carbohydrates. The most notable bio-based monomers from each category is examined, reviewing their incorporation into (mini)emulsion polymerization, the polymerization processes involved, the properties of the resulting products, and their diverse applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.202401097 | DOI Listing |
Bioprocess Biosyst Eng
March 2025
Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashigami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
In this study, a bio-based vinylidene monomer, itaconic acid (IA), produced by a fungus Aspergillus terreus NBRC 6123 was polymerized in the culture. The inhibition of IA polymerization by the culture components was eased by extraction with 4-methyltetrahydropyran (4mTHP). The extraction with 4mTHP for 4 days under aerobic condition resulted in IA production at 67.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacromol Rapid Commun
March 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
Sustainability is a key priority in polymer synthesis, aiming to reduce reliance on nonrenewable resources by using greener components in the polymerization process. Emulsion polymerization stands out as an environmentally friendly method for producing polymers due to its utilization of water as a dispersant. The use of renewable, bio-based materials in emulsion polymerization formulations further enhances the process sustainability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemSusChem
March 2025
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Scale-up of processes with renewable carbon sources, ermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Building 727 - Room 207, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GERMANY.
Lignin is the second most abundant renewable material after cellulose. However, its economic use is currently relegated to low-value energy production. This biomaterial holds great potential as a source of renewable biofuels, bio-based chemicals, advanced materials, and integrated biorefineries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Chem
February 2025
Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Petroleum-derived polyolefins exhibit diverse properties and are the most important and largest volume class of plastics. However, polyolefins are difficult to efficiently recycle or break down and are now a persistent global contaminant. Broadly replacing polyolefins with bio-derived and degradable polyethylene-like materials is an important yet challenging endeavour towards sustainable plastics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
February 2025
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address:
Bio-based and/or biodegradable polymers are being developed and applied as a sustainable and innovative alternative to conventional petroleum-based materials for food packaging applications. From the chemical standpoint, bio-based and/or biodegradable polymers present a complex chemical composition that includes additives, monomers, and other starting substances, but also, oligomers, impurities, degradation products, etc. All these compounds may migrate into the food and can be a hazard to the consumers' health.
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