OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSHand forces during material handling can be measured or estimated using different methods, including the application of biomechanical models. Biomechanical models for estimating hand forces are reviewed. These models consider object weight, type of lift (e.g., one- or two-handed), grip and arm posture, speed of movement, and object surface material. Case studies are presented that compare estimated hand forces to hazard assessment guideline threshold limits. Biomechanical models can predict the applied hand forces during material handling, but selecting the appropriate model depends on the type of grip, the speed of movement, the object weight, and other factors.
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