Multi-omic stock of surface ocean microbiome built by monthly, weekly and daily sampling in Dapeng Bay, China.

The coastal ocean is the dynamic interface where terrestrial, atmospheric, and marine systems converge, acting as a hotspot for microbial activity, which underpins the intricate web of carbon and nitrogen cycling. Dapeng Bay, a typical semi-enclosed bay along the southern coastline of China, is strongly influenced by monsoon climates and human activities. Despite its ecological importance, long-term observations and investigations into the microbial community structure in this region are notably lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a two-year continuous sampling from May 2021 to June 2023 to explore shifts in nearshore surface microbial communities and assess the long-term effects of environmental stressors. This study presents comprehensive amplicon, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic information. We identified 3,600 amplicon sequence variants and recovered 1,216 high-quality metagenome-assembled MAGs, representing 17 bacterial and 3 archaeal phyla. Additionally, 587 MAGs were correlated with transcriptional activity, comprising 539 bacterial and 48 archaeal populations. This dataset is anticipated to provide a multi-dimensional perspective, enhancing our understanding of the complexity, dynamics, and adaptability of microbial communities in coastal environments.