Background: Retinal vasculitis is a common manifestation of infections affecting the posterior segment. The purpose of this review is to describe the main characteristics of infectious retinal vasculitis, with an emphasis on its associated specific clinical manifestations.
Summary: Retinal vasculitis is usually associated with retinal or choroidal involvement when infectious etiology is present. It may be caused by bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infection. Its prevalence and the spectrum of etiologies show geographical variations. Infectious vasculitis tends to exhibit ischemic areas, arterial or venous sheathing or occlusion, while non-infectious retinal vasculitis is predominantly associated with capillary vasculitis.
Key Messages: Recognizing the features of infectious retinal vasculitis, along with associated ocular and systemic signs, patient habits, and origin, enables the physician to suspect the potential causative etiology of the condition, facilitating more effective management of affected patients.
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