Platform technologies in the narrower sense refer to approaches to vaccine development in which the vaccine is always based on a consistently identical framework and differs only in terms of the antigen. One advantage of platform technologies is their rapid adaptability for the development of a vaccine against novel pathogens or variants. Currently approved vaccines in the EU use viral vectors and mRNA as platforms. Recombinant adenoviruses (Ad), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) serve as viral vectors. The application of mRNA-based vaccines is carried out in the form of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The function of the LNPs is to protect the mRNA from degradation, promote the uptake of the mRNA into the cells, and provide an adjuvant effect.
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