A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_sessionmj7lk6aoufainkg7qgelukfgsggq9m4f): Failed to open stream: No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 177

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 137

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 197

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 197
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 271
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1057
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3175
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Neuromodulation in neural organoids with shell MEAs. | LitMetric

Unlabelled: Neural organoids (NOs) have emerged as important tissue engineering models for brain sciences and biocomputing. Establishing reliable relationships between stimulation and recording traces of electrical activity is essential to monitor the functionality of NOs, especially as it relates to realizing biocomputing paradigms such as reinforcement learning or stimulus discrimination. While researchers have demonstrated neuromodulation in NOs, they have primarily used 2D microelectrode arrays (MEAs) with limited access to the entire 3D contour of the NOs. Here, we report neuromodulation using tiny mimics of macroscale EEG caps or shell MEAs. Specifically, we observe that stimulating current within a specific range (20 to 30 µA) induced a statistically significant increase in neuron firing rate when comparing the activity five seconds before and after stimulation. We observed neuromodulatory behavior using both three- and 16-electrode shells and could generate 3D spatiotemporal maps of neuromodulatory activity around the surface of the NO. Our studies demonstrate a methodology for investigating 3D spatiotemporal neuromodulation in organoids of broad relevance to biomedical engineering and biocomputing.

One-sentence Summary: Neuromodulation, an essential intelligence feature, was observed using 3D stimulation and recording from neural organoids.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870477PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.18.637712DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

neural organoids
12
shell meas
8
stimulation recording
8
neuromodulation
5
neuromodulation neural
4
organoids
4
organoids shell
4
meas unlabelled
4
unlabelled neural
4
organoids emerged
4

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!