Narcolepsy is a neurological sleep disorder characterized by a disrupted sleep-wake cycle. The disorder is subdivided into type 1 (NT1) and type 2, where NT1 is distinguished by cataplexy and low hypocretin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite lacking indisputable evidence, the scientific consensus regarding the disease pathogenesis revolves around an autoimmune destruction of the hypocretin neurons. This is now being challenged by a study proposing that NT1 instead stems from an epigenetic silencing of the hypocretin gene, suggesting reversibility and thereby having profound implications, as pointed out in this review.
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[Narcolepsy type 1 and hypocretin neurons].
Ugeskr Laeger
February 2025
Institut for Neurovidenskab, Københavns Universitet.
Narcolepsy is a neurological sleep disorder characterized by a disrupted sleep-wake cycle. The disorder is subdivided into type 1 (NT1) and type 2, where NT1 is distinguished by cataplexy and low hypocretin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite lacking indisputable evidence, the scientific consensus regarding the disease pathogenesis revolves around an autoimmune destruction of the hypocretin neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeterminants of substance use patterns in patients with narcolepsy type 1: A multi-center comparative cross-sectional study.
Sleep Med
February 2025
Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon, France; Service Universitaire D'Addictologie de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
Objectives: In this multi-center cross-sectional study, we compared substance use patterns (SUPs) between patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and controls, and investigated, among patients, factors associated with the consumption of the main psychoactive substances.
Methods: Adult patients with NT1 and controls completed questionnaires about tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use patterns. Unadjusted bivariable then multivariate analyses (adjusted for sex, age, education, family status, and depression) were performed to compare SUPs between controls and patients, and to explore socio-demographic, psycho-behavioral, and clinical determinants of consumptions.
Regional cerebral blood perfusion impairment in type 1 narcolepsy patients: An arterial spin labeling study.
Sleep Med
February 2025
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Hong Kong, China. Electronic address:
Objective: To investigate the pathophysiological characteristics of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) via the arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique.
Methods: Thirty patients with diagnostic NT1 (PTs) and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. Basic information was collected, and clinical evaluation and neuroimaging, including ASL and T1-3DBRAVO, was performed.
Prevalence of narcolepsy in representative samples of the general population of North America, Europe, and South Korea.
Psychiatry Res
February 2025
Centre d'Evaluation & de Statistiques (CES) Inc., Montréal, Québec, Canada. Electronic address:
Objectives: Narcolepsy is a rare, chronic, central disorder of hypersomnolence characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disrupted nighttime sleep, and sometimes cataplexy (Type 1). The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of narcolepsy in a large representative general population sample in North America, Europe, and Asia.
Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological study utilized data from the Sleep-EVAL research database.
Quality of life and its associates in narcolepsy 1 and 2 types and idiopathic hypersomnia.
Sleep Med
February 2025
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Objective And Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is reduced in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), but proper information on HRQoL in narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is lacking. This study examines HRQoL of NT1, NT2, IH, and healthy controls (HC) and assesses the HRQoL associates in these diseases.
Patients And Methods: 117 adults (64 NT1, 22 NT2, 31 IH; 61.
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