Background: This study aimed to examine the associations between shift work and biological age acceleration (BAA) and to explore potential moderating factors that may influence the associations.
Methods: A population-based study was conducted using data from 195 419 participants in the UK Biobank (mean age: 52.71 years; 49.1% male), all of whom were either in paid employment or self-employed. Biological age was assessed using 2 distinct algorithms, namely, the Klemera-Doubal method Biological Age (KDM-BA) and Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge). BAA was derived by the residuals with regressing biological age on chronological age.
Results: Among 195 419 participants, 31 495 (16.1%) were shift workers, and 15 925 (8.1%) worked night shifts. Shift workers were more likely to have chronic diseases, unhealthy lifestyles, and poor sleep. Shift and night shift work were significantly associated with increased BAA, with higher risks observed in irregular and permanent night shifts. Subgroup analyses showed greater BAA risks in younger workers, males, and those with high BMI or poor sleep. Significant interactions were found between shift work and sex, socioeconomic status, educational level, ethnicity, cancer, lifestyle, and sleep status. Males had higher risks of KDM-BA Acceleration from irregular and permanent night shifts, while females showed increased PhenoAge Acceleration risks with evening/weekend shifts.
Conclusions: The present study underscored the need for better work-hour scheduling and targeted interventions for high-risk populations, which may help mitigate biological age acceleration associated with shift work.
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