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Cases of high-consequence infectious diseases identified in the UK, 1962-2023.
J Med Microbiol
March 2025
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, UK.
The management of patients with acute infectious diseases can present significant challenges, especially if the causative agent has a propensity for person-to-person transmission. In such cases, effective patient management is dependent on both rapid identification of disease and the provision of necessary medical care while adhering to suitable infection prevention and control measures to reduce the potential for onwards transmission. The UK has operated a defined system for managing patients with high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) since the 1970s, when protocols were first implemented following the first descriptions of several viral haemorrhagic fever diseases, including Marburg virus disease, Lassa fever and Ebola virus disease (EVD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFH5N1 influenza A virus: lessons from past outbreaks and emerging threats.
Infez Med
March 2025
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
The first highly pathogenic H5N1 emerged in 1959 on a chicken farm in Scotland. The ancestor of the strains presently circulating was isolated in 1996 from a domestic goose in China. Since 1997, more than 900 severe human infections have been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Mammals: Lack of Detection in Cattle With Respiratory Tract Infections and Genetic Analysis of Sporadic Spillover Infections in Wild Mammals in Bavaria, Southern Germany, 2022-2023.
Zoonoses Public Health
March 2025
Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
Background: In 2021, the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmergence of a novel reassortant H3N3 avian influenza virus with enhanced pathogenicity and transmissibility in chickens in China.
Vet Res
March 2025
Fujian Province Joint Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Prevention and Control of the "Belt and Road", College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
H3N3 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are less prevalent in poultry than H3N8 viruses. However, although relatively rare, reassortant H3N3 viruses have been known to appear in both domestic poultry and wild birds. In this study, we isolated the H3N3 virus in chickens sourced from a live poultry market in China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImprovements in RNA and DNA nanopore sequencing allow for rapid genetic characterization of avian influenza.
Virus Evol
February 2025
Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
Avian influenza virus (AIV) currently causes a panzootic with extensive mortality in wild birds, poultry, and wild mammals, thus posing a major threat to global health and underscoring the need for efficient monitoring of its distribution and evolution. We here utilized a well-defined AIV strain to systematically investigate AIV genetic characterization through rapid, portable nanopore sequencing by comparing the latest DNA and RNA nanopore sequencing approaches and various computational pipelines for viral consensus sequence generation and phylogenetic analysis. We show that the latest direct RNA nanopore sequencing updates improve consensus sequence generation, but that the application of the latest DNA nanopore chemistry after reverse transcription and amplification outperforms, such native viral RNA sequencing by achieving higher sequencing accuracy and throughput.
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