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Plasmacytoid dendritic cell sensing of African swine fever virus-infected macrophages results in STING-dependent robust interferon-α production.
J Immunol
January 2025
Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
While several African swine fever virus (ASFV)-encoded proteins potently interfere with the cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthetase-stimulator of interferon genes) pathway at different levels to suppress interferon (IFN) type I production in infected macrophages, systemic IFN-α is induced during the early stages of AFSV infection in pigs. The present study elucidates a mechanism by which such responses can be triggered, at least in vitro. We demonstrate that infection of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) by ASFV genotype 2 strains is highly efficient but immunologically silent with respect to IFN type I, IFN-stimulated gene induction, and tumor necrosis factor production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPVR exposure influences the activation, adhesion, and protein expression of human CD8+ T cells, including the CD96-mediated transfer of PVR.
J Immunol
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
Poliovirus receptor (PVR) ligands have gained attention as immunotherapy targets, yet their regulation remains unclear. Here, we examine the impact of PVR exposure on primary human CD8+ T cells. We used flow cytometry and Western blot analysis to quantify expression of PVR and its ligands in naïve and effector T cells and used adhesion assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the impact of PVR on T cell adhesion and cytokine production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBio-preservative potential of marjoram and fennel essential oil nano-emulsions against toxigenic fungi in citrus: integrating , -, and - approaches.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess
March 2025
Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Citrus fruits, known for their vibrant flavours and health benefits, are susceptible to fungal attacks, particularly from toxigenic fungi, which pose a significant pre- and post-harvest hazard. However, aromatic oils and their nanoparticles may effectively address this issue. Marjoram and fennel oils, alongside their nanoparticles, were extracted, and their aromatic constituents and antimicrobial activities were evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFish requires FasL to facilitate CD8+ T-cell function and antimicrobial immunity.
J Immunol
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Although bony fish have CD8+ T cells, the mechanisms by which these early-evolved cytotoxic cells combat intracellular pathogens remain unclear. In the present study, using Nile tilapia as a model, we investigated the detailed function, mechanism, and evolutionary pattern concerning CD8+ T cells. By depleting CD8+ T cells, they are found essential in combating Edwardsiella piscicida infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProteostasis modulates gene dosage evolution in antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Elife
March 2025
Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India.
Evolution of gene expression frequently drives antibiotic resistance in bacteria. We had previously (Patel and Matange, , 2021) shown that, in , mutations at the locus were beneficial under trimethoprim exposure and led to overexpression of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), encoded by the gene. Here, we show that DHFR levels are further enhanced by spontaneous duplication of a genomic segment encompassing and spanning hundreds of kilobases.
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