Background: Inherited genetic deficiencies in the Caspase-associated recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) lead to increased susceptibility of patients to opportunistic melanized fungi. Such infections are recalcitrant, and the fungus possibly acquires resistance under therapy.
Objective: To evaluate differences of in vitro antifungal susceptibility of strains of melanized fungi originating from patients with CARD9 deficiency versus strains from chronic patients with unclear genetic background.
Methods: We analyzed a total of 118 isolates, including 33 from patients with CARD9 deficiency, 80 from chronic patients with other undefined immunological features, and 5 environmental strains, all collected between 1997 and 2021. All isolates were identified by sequencing the ITS spacer of the rDNA operon. Broth microdilution susceptibility tests were performed according to CLSI guidelines (M38-A3document).
Results: MIC ranges of strains from infected patients having CARD9 deficiency and other individuals were mostly similar. However, comparing these two groups, the GM MICs of posaconazole, amphotericin B and fluconazole in the CARD9 group were statistically higher and the GM MICs of terbinafine lower than those of undefined genetic background group. The FICI of the CARD9 group were higher than those of the undefined group in the combination of caspofungin plus amphotericin B and amphotericin B plus fluconazole, but lower than the undefined group in the combination of itraconazole plus terbinafine.
Conclusions: The GM MICs for posaconazole, amphotericin B, and fluconazole were significantly elevated in the CARD9 group compared to the group with undefined chronic infections. For patients with refractory infections, conducting susceptibility testing before treatment can optimize the selection of the most effective therapeutic agent, and the combination therapy of caspofungin with amphotericin B or itraconazole may be considered the preferred treatment option.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-025-00936-8 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Antifungal Susceptibility of Melanized Fungi Isolated from CARD9 Deficient Patients: Implications for Treatment of Refractory Infections.
Mycopathologia
February 2025
Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Background: Inherited genetic deficiencies in the Caspase-associated recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) lead to increased susceptibility of patients to opportunistic melanized fungi. Such infections are recalcitrant, and the fungus possibly acquires resistance under therapy.
Objective: To evaluate differences of in vitro antifungal susceptibility of strains of melanized fungi originating from patients with CARD9 deficiency versus strains from chronic patients with unclear genetic background.
Aquatic : an exotic fungus introduced into the United States on aquarium decorative wood.
Mycologia
March 2025
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108.
This study examined fungi with -like morphology on submerged decorative wood in freshwater aquariums in Minnesota and Colorado. The wood was sold in retail stores in the United States but originated from Asia. The submerged wood had black stromatic melanized structures with white tips that grew out from the wood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInnate Immunity in Insects: The Lights and Shadows of Phenoloxidase System Activation.
Int J Mol Sci
February 2025
Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
Melanogenesis and melanin deposition are processes essential for the effective immune response of insects to various invaders. Phenoloxidase (PO), produced in specialized cells as an inactive precursor prophenoloxidase (proPO), is the key enzyme for melanin formation. The precursor is activated via limited proteolysis by a dedicated serine proteinase, which is the final element in the cascade of serine proteinases (SPs) that make up the PO system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantifying chlorophylls in melanic lichens: the necessity of separating the absorbance of melanin and chlorophyll.
Photosynth Res
February 2025
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås, NO-1432, Norway.
This study investigates extraction and quantification techniques for chlorophylls (Chl) in melanic lichens, with an emphasis on distinguishing between Chl and melanin absorbance during spectrophotometric assessments. We compared various extraction protocols, involving solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetone, and methods including intact thalli extraction, mortar grinding, and ball mill pulverizing. Three correction methods for melanic absorbance were also compared.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFisolates from New York outbreak are highly pathogenic with measurable experimental disease in .
Microbiol Spectr
March 2025
Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
causes prolonged colonization and bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients. Different clades vary in their geographic origin, disease spectrum, and antifungal resistance, but biological basis underlying such variations needs further examination. Therefore, we investigated susceptible and multidrug-resistant isolates, obtained early in the New York outbreak, to benchmark their pathogenic potential in caterpillar worms of greater wax moth .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!