Objective: Magnesium (Mg) deficiency can be observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased inflammation, disease progression, and mortality. Dark chocolate is an excellent source of magnesium. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 70% cocoa chocolate intake on magnesium serum levels in patients with CKD on hemodialysis (HD).
Methods: [removed for blind peer review]. The study included 59 patients undergoing HD. Patients were allocated into two groups: chocolate and the control group. The chocolate group received 40 grams of 70% cocoa chocolate for two months during HD sessions (3 times a week). The control group did not receive any intervention. Mg was evaluated by a colorimetric test using a commercial kit (Bioclin®). [removed for blind peer review] on 2020-03-01, retrospectively registered.
Results: Thirty-five patients in the chocolate group (17 women, 53.4 ± 12.9 years) and 11 in the control group (4 women, 46.7 ± 10.9 years) completed the study. The median (interquartile range) overall Mg serum levels were 2.4 (0.4) mg/dL, with no significant differences between the groups. After two months of supplementation, serum levels of Mg increased significantly in the chocolate group from 2.5 (2.4-2.6) to 2.7 (2.6-2.8) mg/dL (p<0.01). No change was observed in potassium and phosphorus plasma levels.
Conclusions: Dark chocolate might be a promising nutritional strategy to improve Mg levels in patients with CKD on HD. The offered dose was safe, not altering plasma phosphorus and potassium levels.
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