Arylethylamines are crucial elements in pharmaceutical molecules, making methods for their synthesis highly significant. The Truce-Smiles rearrangement is a well-developed strategy to synthesise arylethylamine motifs via aryl migration. However, most examples require amide substrates to activate the alkene to attack by a radical precursor. This strategy both limits the product scope to amide containing compounds as well as necessitating the incorporation of specific functional groups arising from the initial radical addition. In this work, we overcome these limitations, delivering a hydrogen-atom-transfer from a cobalt catalyst to unactivated alkenes to yield ß-arylethylamines with simple alkyl chains. DFT studies reveal that increasing the steric hindrance in at least one of the ortho positions on the migrating aromatic group promotes ipso over ortho addition, selectivity that contrasts with previous methods.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202418869 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
February 2025
TU Braunschweig: Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, GERMANY.
Arylethylamines are crucial elements in pharmaceutical molecules, making methods for their synthesis highly significant. The Truce-Smiles rearrangement is a well-developed strategy to synthesise arylethylamine motifs via aryl migration. However, most examples require amide substrates to activate the alkene to attack by a radical precursor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
We herein report a photochemical Truce-Smiles rearrangement reaction of -sulfinyl acrylamides with bromodifluoroacetamides resulting in the synthesis of a series of aryl difluoroglutaramides in moderate to good yields. The asymmetric synthesis using chiral sulfinamides produced quaternary carboncentered glutaramide products with a modest enantioselectivity. This protocol effectively complements previous Truce-Smiles rearrangement methods involving -sulfonyl acrylamides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Biomol Chem
October 2024
Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
The β-arylethylamine pharmacophore is commonly found in medications for central nervous system disorders, prompting the need for safe and efficient methods to endow this motif with relevant functional groups for drug discovery. In this context, herein, we have established electrochemical radical sulfonylation reactions of -allylbenzamides followed by Truce-Smiles rearrangement to produce sulfone- and sulfonate ester-containing β-arylethylamines. Electricity enables this transformation to occur under mild and oxidant-free conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
October 2024
Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
An efficient Cu-promoted Truce-Smiles rearrangement for the aryl-difluoromethylenation of C═C bonds by the reaction of -alkyl--(arylsulfonyl)methacrylamide and 2-bromodifluoromethyl-1,3-benzodiazole via a reductive radical-polar crossover process under mild reaction conditions is presented. The protocol enables practical access to a variety of single regioisomer α-aryl-β-difluoromethylene amides in good to excellent yields through consecutive difluoromethylenation, radical-polar crossover, 1,4-aryl migration, SO extrusion, and N-H bond formation cascade reaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJACS Au
July 2024
Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
A domino difunctionalization of sulfonyl(acryl)imides to form β-substituted α-aryl amides is reported. This transformation involves a 1,4-addition followed by a polar Truce-Smiles rearrangement process, entropically driven by release of SO. A wide range of carbon- and heteroatom-based nucleophiles and sulfonyl imides were employed, allowing rapid access to highly functionalized amides.
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