Communicating COVID-19 vaccine information to Chinese communities in the UK: a qualitative study of their knowledge, information sources and trust.

Introduction: In late 2020, the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates of Chinese people living in the UK were estimated between 52% and 57%, significantly lower than that of the general population (76%). This disparity formed a primary motivation for this study which explored Chinese communities' overall understanding of and attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccines, the sources of information about the vaccines and levels of (dis)trust in these sources.

Methods: 29 focus groups with 154 participants from UK-based Chinese communities of varied sociodemographic backgrounds were conducted between March and November 2021. Focus group data were coded with NVivo and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results: Participants generally had a good understanding of the health benefits of the vaccines, however, many still had concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. They accessed COVID-19 vaccine information from a multitude of sources and had diverse information needs which to a large extent shaped their knowledge of and attitude towards the vaccines. Participants generally had good digital access and some have developed good digital literacy enabling discernment of mis/disinformation. The ways in which they accessed and engaged with various types of information sources were differentiated by diversities in country/regions of origin, years of residence and main language/dialects spoken. They also demonstrated varying degrees of trust about the communication around vaccines depending on the perceived expertise of the authority, their character and the perceived accuracy and transparency of the information.

Conclusion: The UK government and health authorities need to understand Chinese communities' diverse information needs and cultural practices to form culturally and linguistically appropriate COVID-19 vaccine communication strategies to develop trust, targeting not the entire community but subgroups within the community via credible media sources and community networks.