Partial nitrification has the advantages of saving energy and reducing the need for carbon sources in municipal wastewater treatment. However, for municipal wastewater with low ammonia, start-up and maintenance of partial nitrification is a worldwide challenge. Here we developed a pilot-scale double sludge system consisting of two sequencing batch reactors for partial nitrification (12 m) and denitrification/anaerobic ammonium oxidation (denitrification/anammox, 8.4 m) to treat municipal wastewater. Partial nitrification was maintained at no ammonium remaining with a nitrite accumulation rate of 87.7%. This study found that partial nitrification system effluent chemical oxygen demand increased from 24.8 mg L to 64.9 mg L accompanied by transformation from complete nitrification to partial nitrification. In the denitrification/anammox system, the reduction of nitrite to nitrogen required about 40% less carbon consumption than nitrate. High nitrogen removal was achieved with effluent total inorganic nitrogen of 2.7 mg L without carbon addition. This work provided a pilot-scale demonstration of low-carbon high-nitrogen removal.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44172-025-00362-0 | DOI Listing |
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