This study focuses on the question how and where information acquired by FLS2 perception of flg22 is transformed into electrical signals crucial for generation of local and systemic defense responses. In and leaves, FLS2 density was high in the epidermis and vascular parenchyma, low in mesophyll, and absent in sieve elements (SEs). Aequorin-based examinations disclosed dual cytosolic Ca peaks shortly after flg22 application, which corresponded with two voltage shifts from the epidermis to SEs. These signals were converted into rapid long-range action potentials (APs) or slower short-range variation potentials (VPs). Modified phytohormone-levels demonstrated systemic AP effects. Jasmonic acid up-regulation was significantly higher in wild-type than mutants. Abundant Ca influx associated with VPs was responsible for transient sieve element occlusion (SEO) near the flg22 perception site, whereas SEO was absent in and mutants. Biological relevance of SEO was demonstrated by higher susceptibility of mutants to than wild-type plants.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads6417 | DOI Listing |
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