Risk Factors Predictive of Contralateral Recurrence of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Include Chronic Kidney Diseases and Postoperative Initiation of Dialysis.

Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dialysis on patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who are undergoing surgical intervention, as well as to identify predictive factors linked to contralateral recurrence.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for non-metastatic UTUC at our institution from 2000 to 2013. The contralateral recurrence rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and contralateral recurrence.

Results: A total of 593 patients were included in this analysis, of which 31 (5.8%) experienced metachronous recurrence on the contralateral side. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a statistically significant reduction in the contralateral recurrence-free survival rate among female patients ( = 0.040), those with a prior history of bladder cancer ( < 0.001), individuals presenting with multiple tumors ( = 0.011), patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) ( < 0.001), and those requiring postoperative dialysis ( < 0.001). In contrast, preoperative hemodialysis status did not show a significant correlation with contralateral recurrence ( = 0.08). The multivariate analysis identified a history of bladder cancer (hazard ratio (HR), 3.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-8.4; = 0.018), the necessity for new hemodialysis postoperatively (HR, 5.34; 95% CI, 1.3-25.6; = 0.034), and advanced CKD (HR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.4-4.9; = 0.021) as independent risk factors associated with an increased rate of contralateral recurrence.

Conclusions: In conclusion, advanced CKD, a history of bladder cancer, and the initiation of new dialysis following surgery were identified as independent prognostic indicators for contralateral recurrence in patients with initial unilateral UTUC undergoing RNU. It is recommended that patients exhibiting these three adverse characteristics undergo rigorous monitoring of the contralateral upper urinary tract throughout the follow-up period.