is a deadly pathogen that under unfavourable conditions forms highly resistant spores which enable them to survive for a long period of time. Spores of are transmitted through the contaminated soil or animal products and enter to the host through the skin, lungs or oral route and can cause cutaneous, injection, inhalation and gastrointestinal anthrax, respectively. The disease is caused by the toxin which is produced by them once they germinate within the host cell. Anthrax toxin is the major virulence factor which has the ability to kill the host cell. The role of protein kinases and phosphatases of in toxin production and other virulence related properties have also been reported. There are two vaccines, BioThrax and CYFENDUS, which are approved by the FDA-USA to prevent anthrax disease. Recently, anthrax toxin has also been shown to be a potential candidate for cancer therapeutics. Through present review, we aim to provide insights into sporulation, transmission and pathogenesis of as well as the current state of its prevention, treatment, vaccines and possible therapeutic uses in cancer.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860322 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins17020056 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Structural investigation of an RNA device that regulates PD-1 expression in mammalian cells.
Nucleic Acids Res
February 2025
Protein-Nucleic Acid Interaction Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States.
Synthetic RNA devices are engineered to control gene expression and offer great potential in both biotechnology and clinical applications. Here, we present multidisciplinary structural and biochemical data for a tetracycline (Tc)-responsive RNA device (D43) in both ligand-free and bound states, providing a structure-dynamical basis for signal transmission. Activation of self-cleavage is achieved via ligand-induced conformational and dynamical changes that stabilize the elongated bridging helix harboring the communication module, which drives proper coordination of the catalytic residues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaginal Prevotella timonensis Bacteria Enhance HIV-1 Uptake and Differentially Affect Transmission by Distinct Primary Dendritic Cell Subsets.
Eur J Immunol
March 2025
Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Young females are at high risk of acquiring HIV-1 infections and an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome enhances susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. More insights into the underlying mechanisms could open up new strategies to prevent HIV-1 acquisition and dissemination. Here, we investigated the effect of anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) on HIV-1 transmission by two distinct dendritic cell (DC) subsets, that is, inflammatory monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) and primary CD1c DCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeographical and temporal variations of serogroups and clonal types of involved in culture-confirmed invasive meningococcal disease in Canada, 2015-2023.
J Med Microbiol
March 2025
Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, Science, Reference and Surveillance Directorate, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Pubic Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a nationally notifiable illness in Canada due to its potential severity and transmissibility. Vaccination strategies differ by province/territory and are informed by changes in the antigenic characteristics of circulating strains. Though IMD statistics are tracked at a provincial/territorial level, there is a lack of published data characterizing trends in the epidemiology of this disease at a national level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCases of high-consequence infectious diseases identified in the UK, 1962-2023.
J Med Microbiol
March 2025
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, UK.
The management of patients with acute infectious diseases can present significant challenges, especially if the causative agent has a propensity for person-to-person transmission. In such cases, effective patient management is dependent on both rapid identification of disease and the provision of necessary medical care while adhering to suitable infection prevention and control measures to reduce the potential for onwards transmission. The UK has operated a defined system for managing patients with high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) since the 1970s, when protocols were first implemented following the first descriptions of several viral haemorrhagic fever diseases, including Marburg virus disease, Lassa fever and Ebola virus disease (EVD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Dengue fever vaccination Recommendations from the Société Francophone de Médecine Tropicale et de Santé Internationale for Metropolitan France and Overseas Territories].
Med Trop Sante Int
December 2024
Président de la SFMTSI, SFMTSI Société francophone de médecine tropicale et santé internationale (ancienne SPE), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Pavillon Laveran, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
Dengue fever is spreading rapidly around the world, affecting nearly half the world's population. Causes include urbanization, human mobility, climate change and the spread of mosquito vectors such as In 2023 and 2024, there was a marked increase in cases and deaths worldwide. In mainland France, the increase in imported cases has generated local transmissions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!