Profiling the Tumor Immune Microenvironment of HPV-Associated Base of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (BOTSCC) is a prevalent and aggressive form of oral cancer, often associated with poor patient outcomes. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HPV-positive BOTSCC is critical in influencing cancer progression and treatment response.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the TME of HPV-positive BOTSCC by examining the expression of key genes involved in various biological processes.

Methods: We utilized the RT2 Profiler PCR Array to quantify the expression of 168 genes related to inflammation, immunity, oncogenesis, tumor suppression, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Enrichment analysis of cancer hallmarks was performed on all upregulated genes. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between the expression levels of the ten most highly upregulated genes and survival prognosis in HPV-associated BOTSCC patients.

Results: Our analysis revealed dysregulation of 42 genes associated with tumor-immune interactions, with 20 genes upregulated and 22 downregulated. Furthermore, we identified 64 genes linked to cancer development, with 33 upregulated and 31 downregulated. High-risk HPV (hr-HPV) genotypes were found in 81% of patients, predominantly HPV-35 and HPV-16.

Conclusion: This study highlights the complexity of the HPV-positive BOTSCC TME, underscoring the need for further research into molecular pathways and immune interactions to identify new therapeutic targets for improved cancer treatment.