Gadolinium (Gd) nanoparticles hold significant promise in medical theranostics due to their unique properties. This review outlines the synthesis, characterisation, and applications of Gd nanostructures in combating microbial threats and advancing cancer theragnostic strategies. Synthesis methods such as co-precipitation, microemulsion, and laser ablation are discussed, alongside TEM, SEM, and magnetic characterisation. The antimicrobial efficacy of Gd nanostructures, their potential in combination therapy, and promising anticancer mechanisms are explored. Biocompatibility, toxicity, and regulatory considerations are also evaluated. Challenges, future perspectives, and emerging trends in Gd nanostructure research are highlighted, emphasising their transformative potential in medical applications.
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Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have revolutionized medical imaging, enhancing the accuracy and diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The increasing use of GBCAs has raised concerns about the release of gadolinium (Gd)(III) into the environment and potential risks for human health. Initially, multiple administrations of GBCAs were associated only with nephrogenic system fibrosis disease in individuals with impaired kidney function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantification of Gd species in a tetrameric Gd-based contrast agent using HPLC-ICP-MS.
J Chromatogr A
April 2025
University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany. Electronic address:
This study presents a newly developed high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) method for quantification of Gd complexes in a tetrameric, macrocyclic Gd-based MRI contrast agent (GBCA). Since for the multimeric GBCA Gadoquatrane, currently in Phase III clinical development, mainly multinuclear Gd complexes are expected as by-products from the route of synthesis, HPLC-ICP-MS is suitable for the quantitative determination of these Gd species. The developed HPLC-ICP-MS method offers high sensitivity and accurate quantification based on external calibration with a generic Gd standard and is thus a powerful alternative to routinely used HPLC-UV in the pharmaceutical industry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGadolinium (Gd)-based nanostructures as dual-armoured materials for microbial therapy and cancer theranostics.
J Microencapsul
February 2025
Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Mazaya University College, Nasiriyah, Iraq.
Gadolinium (Gd) nanoparticles hold significant promise in medical theranostics due to their unique properties. This review outlines the synthesis, characterisation, and applications of Gd nanostructures in combating microbial threats and advancing cancer theragnostic strategies. Synthesis methods such as co-precipitation, microemulsion, and laser ablation are discussed, alongside TEM, SEM, and magnetic characterisation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSerum and Urine Gadolinium Reference Intervals in Patients With Normal Renal Function Following Gadobutrol Administration.
Invest Radiol
February 2025
From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.S.M., R.J.M.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (P.L.D., J.A.B., P.J.J.); and Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (G.M.S.).
Background: Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the sensitivity and clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations and are used extensively worldwide. While concerns remain regarding the potential toxicity of retained gadolinium (Gd) based on "elevated" serum or urinary Gd concentrations, current Gd reference intervals were established in GBCA-naive patients with normal renal function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the serum and urine Gd clearance in patients with normal renal function after being administered intravenous gadobutrol for a contrast-enhanced MRI examination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDCE-MRI Detects OATP-expressing Transplanted Cells Using Clinical Doses of Gadolinium Contrast Agent.
Mol Imaging Biol
February 2025
Department of Radiology, and Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, 846 Service Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Purpose: Hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) transport off-the-shelf, FDA-approved, hepatospecific Gd-based MRI contrast agents into cells that express the transporters enhancing signal on T1-weighted MRI. Studies have used MRI to identify OATP-overexpressing tumors and metastases transplanted in mice following the delivery of Gd-EOB-DTPA at 27-67-fold higher than clinical doses. With safety and regulatory concerns over Gd-based contrast agents, translating OATPs as an MRI reporter protein to humans for regenerative medicine will require substantially lower doses of agent.
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