Severity: Warning
Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_sessionmug9g0d1jkc37bij8apvq8tlknttasec): Failed to open stream: No space left on device
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 177
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 137
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 197
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 197
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 271
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3145
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
In about 250 clock neurons in the brain form a network that orchestrates circadian rhythmicity. Among them, eight small Lateral ventral Neurons (s-LNvs) play a critical role, synchronizing the circadian ensemble the neuropeptide Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF). Moreover, their neurites show daily variations in morphology, PDF levels, synaptic markers and connectivity. This process, called circadian structural plasticity, is ill-defined at the subcellular level. Here, we present 3D volumes of the s-LNv terminals generated by Serial Block-face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBEM) at three key time points, two hours before lights-ON, two hours after lights-ON, and two hours after lights-OFF. We report a reduction in the number of neuronal varicosities at night, which reflects (and probably regulates) the cycling of the components we found therein. Indeed, in the morning we observed more presynaptic sites and increased accumulation and release of dense core vesicles. These rhythms were paralleled by periodic changes in mitochondrial structure that suggest daily modulation of their activity. We propose that circadian plasticity of the functionally relevant structures within presynaptic varicosities cyclically modulates the influence of the s-LNvs on the clock network.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844358 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.06.622332 | DOI Listing |
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