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Downward surface solar radiation (DSSR) is critical for the Earth system. It is well-known that DSSR over land has fluctuated on decadal timescales in the past. By utilizing a combination of station observations and the latest CMIP6 simulations, here we show that DSSR had a global consistent decline during 1959-2014, with comparable contributions from greenhouse gases (GHGs) and anthropogenic aerosols. The role of GHGs is even more important in the satellite period. The contribution from GHGs comes through rising temperature, which reduces the DSSR by increasing water vapor but is partly offset by reduced cloud. Future changes of DSSR are heavily dependent on climate change scenarios, which can be predicted well by global mean surface temperature (GMST) and aerosol concentrations. The sharp aerosol reduction and weak temperature rise in the SSP245/SSP126 scenarios will limit or stop the long-term decline of DSSR thus leading to a brighter future.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846084 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf007 | DOI Listing |
Acta Biomater
March 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Electronic address:
Traumatic brain injury poses a major public health challenge with significant immediate and long-term effects. Repetitive head trauma is an ongoing area of research, and little is known about the response of cerebral blood vessels to such loading. This study investigated the mechanical response of cerebral arteries to repetitive overstretch, hypothesizing that repeated overstretch leads to cumulative damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReg Anesth Pain Med
March 2025
MEDRVA Healthcare, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Introduction: Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain comprises up to 30% of cases of mechanical low back pain (LBP), the leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite sacral lateral branch cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) showing efficacy in clinical trials, there is a lack of comparative-effectiveness long-term follow-up.
Methods: In this randomized, multicenter, comparative-effectiveness study, 210 patients with injection-confirmed SIJ pain who responded to prognostic lateral branch blocks were randomly assigned to receive CRFA of the L5 dorsal ramus and S1-S3/4 lateral branches or standard medical management (SMM) consisting of pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, injections, and integrative therapies.
J Photochem Photobiol B
March 2025
Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62521 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by joint damage and persistent pain. Despite advances in treatment, there is currently no definitive cure for RA, and the side effects of available medications often limit their long-term use. Therefore, this study investigated the therapeutic potential of femtosecond laser irradiation (FSL) in treating arthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in a rat model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrugs Aging
March 2025
Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Room Rg-525, PO BOX 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Cognitive impairment poses significant challenges for aging populations. Systemic inflammation, a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), has been implicated in neurodegeneration through mechanisms including blood-brain barrier disruption, microglial activation, and cytokine-mediated neuronal damage. This review examines the potential impact of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on cognitive function in RA, focusing on the inflammatory pathways linking systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
March 2025
Global Institute for Urban and Regional Sustainability, Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, 200062, PR China. Electronic address:
The urban environment is the "natural laboratory" of the global ecosystem, and it has complicated effects on vegetation growth, including direct effects (land use transformations) and indirect effects (climatic environment changes). However, the long-term responses of vegetation to urbanization and its associated controlling factors across different spatial scales, from pixels to regions, remains unknown. Here, we unraveled the dual influence of urbanization on vegetation growth and its potential drivers along the urban development gradients in China with satellite observations of leaf area index (LAI) during 2000-2020.
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