Often the workup to find the causes of common symptoms can lead to unexpected findings, thereby emphasising the need to keep a broad suspicion and continued search for emerging evidence. In this report, we describe the case of an elderly woman in her late 60s without any comorbidities, who presented with new-onset neck stiffness, progressive headache and continuous fever with no other clue that could lead us to a telltale diagnosis, and in whom the diagnostic staircase ultimately led to the diagnosis of IgG4 hypophysitis and pachymeningitis. Only a prompt clinical suspicion and appropriately timed workup can help in revealing such intricate and uncommon diagnosis among the maze of more common differentials having similar manifestations. Especially in such uncommon scenarios, common aetiologies such as tuberculosis should always be kept in the horizon.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2024-260953 | DOI Listing |
Am J Case Rep
February 2025
Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a malignant transformation of melanocytes known for its capacity to metastasize, necessitating early diagnosis and intervention. While over 97% of melanomas are diagnosed with a known primary site, such as the skin, eye, or mucous membranes, rare cases like melanoma of unknown primary (MUP) can present with atypical manifestations, highlighting the need for comprehensive examinations. CASE REPORT In January 2023, a 68-year-old woman presented with a 4-week history of swelling and discoloration in her left upper eyelid, revealing a hard, livid mass indicative of malignancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Case Rep
February 2025
Neurology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
Often the workup to find the causes of common symptoms can lead to unexpected findings, thereby emphasising the need to keep a broad suspicion and continued search for emerging evidence. In this report, we describe the case of an elderly woman in her late 60s without any comorbidities, who presented with new-onset neck stiffness, progressive headache and continuous fever with no other clue that could lead us to a telltale diagnosis, and in whom the diagnostic staircase ultimately led to the diagnosis of IgG4 hypophysitis and pachymeningitis. Only a prompt clinical suspicion and appropriately timed workup can help in revealing such intricate and uncommon diagnosis among the maze of more common differentials having similar manifestations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Neurosci
April 2025
Department of Radiology, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI)/DASA, Avenida das Américas, 4666, 302A, 303, 307, 325, 326, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Zip Code: 2640-102, Brazil; Department of Radiology, Hospital Pró Cardíaco, United Health Group, Rua General Polidoro, 192, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Zip Code: 22280-003, Brazil.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol
February 2025
Center for Clinical Investigation, INSERM U1434, Strasbourg University, 1 Avenue Molière, Strasbourg 67098, France; Neurology Department, Strasbourg University Hospitals, 1 Avenue Molière, Strasbourg 67098, France. Electronic address:
The ever-increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved cancer management, but at the cost of frequent immunologic side effects. Among them, neurologic immune-related adverse events (nirAEs) are less common but pose a challenge to clinicians due to their severity, heterogeneous nature and nonspecific clinical presentation, making diagnosis complex. The prognosis of these nirAEs, especially those related to the central nervous system (CNS), correlates with their rapid recognition and therapeutic management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPract Neurol
September 2024
Department of Neurology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently described multisystemic disorder with a spectrum of manifestations that continue to be described. Nonetheless, there are recognised distinct patterns of disease. Neurological involvement is rare, particularly in isolation, but IgG4-RD may present with orbital disease, hypophysitis or pachymeningitis.
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