Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Moschus (Musk), a precious zoogenous medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been extensively utilized for centuries with well-documented therapeutic efficacy. It has important medicinal and economic value and is derived from the secretions of the scent gland sacs of male musk deer, which are dried and solidified under specific physiological conditions. Contemporary pharmacological investigations have validated its multifaceted pharmacological activities, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and neuroregulatory effects, thereby substantiating its unique therapeutic status in the TCM pharmacopoeia.
Aim Of The Study: This review aims to provide a comprehensive summation of the advancements in research concerning the formation mechanism, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications of Musk, emphasizing its distinctive appeal and vast potential in traditional Chinese medicine.
Materials And Methods: Use Google Scholar, Scifinder, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, Wiley, Web of Science and other online database search to collect the literature on mechanisms of formation, chemical composition, pharmacological effect and clinical applications of Moschus published before February 2025. The key words are "Moschus", "Musk", "Formation of mechanisms", "Chemical composition" and "Pharmacological effect" and "Clinical applications".
Results: In modern clinical practice, Niu Musk San has demonstrated efficacy in treating hepatic encephalopathy. Preparations such as She Xiang Bao Xin Wan and Artificial Musk Tablets have demonstrated promising results in the management of coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. Proprietary preparations containing Musk, including Liushen Pills and She Xiang Bao Xin Wan, are acknowledged for their anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, studies have indicate that Musk may exert an influence on stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration by modulating crucial signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt.
Conclusion: The pharmacological effects of Musk present a novel perspective and stimulate innovative approaches and methodologies within pioneering fields such as stem cell therapy and tissue engineering. This comprehensive summary of research progress, encompassing the formation mechanism, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications of musk, underscores its distinctive allure and extensive potential within the realm of TCM.
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