Exploring the Role of Allergenic Components in Children with House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Diseases.

Purpose: To investigate the main characteristics of HDM-induced allergic diseases in children and to explore allergen component-specific sensitization patterns, features, and correlations with clinical symptoms.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from children with HDM-induced allergic diseases. Information on age, sex, and clinical symptoms was recorded. A protein chip method was used to detect specific IgE (sIgE) against HDM components, including 1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 7, 10, 21, and 23.

Results: 116/120 (96.67%) exhibited positive reactions to HDM components. The highest positive rates were for 1 (95.83%) and 1 (95.83%), followed by 2 (86.67%), 2 (85.83%), and 23 (62.50%). 5, 7, and 23 positivity increased with age. Notably, 23 positivity was higher in the allergic asthma (AA) group than in the non-AA, atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergic rhinitis (AR) groups and higher in AR with AA than AR-only. 2 and 2 had higher positive rates in respiratory allergies than in AD alone. The impact of other HDM components on different allergic diseases was minimal. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive correlations between sIgE concentrations for various HDM components, especially between 2 and 2 (r = 0.96, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: 1, 1, 2, 2, and 23 are the major allergens, with 5, 7, and 23 showing age-specific sensitization patterns. 2 and 2 are closely associated with respiratory allergies, whereas 23 is particularly linked to the development of asthma. There is a general positive correlation among the sIgE concentrations of various HDM components.