Background: Haemodialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for patients suffering from advanced chronic kidney disease that persists without respite. Adherence to complex haemodialysis regimens demands rigorous self-management. Current literature has suggested the potential of novel telehealth technologies in supporting the self-management of haemodialysis patients, but this remains inconclusive.
Aim: To synthesise available evidence to determine the effectiveness of telehealth self-management interventions on the health outcomes of adults undergoing haemodialysis.
Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis (reported according to the PRISMA Guidelines).
Methods: Nine electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global), trial registries and grey literature were searched from inception till 1 December 2023 for randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of telehealth self-management interventions for haemodialysis patients. Two independent reviewers performed screening, data extraction and risk-of-bias appraisal using Cochrane RoB tool-1. Meta-analyses using Review Manager Web synthesised the interventional effects. Cochrane GRADE assessed the overall quality of evidence.
Results: Fifteen randomised controlled trials (involving 1003 participants) were included. Telehealth self-management interventions had a medium statistically significant effect on improving self-efficacy (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI [0.25, 0.83], Z = 3.69, p = 0.0002). Additional meta-analyses for the outcomes of knowledge, treatment adherence, health-related quality of life, inter-dialytic weight gain and serum electrolyte levels were non-statistically significant but appeared promising to be improved by telehealth self-management. The overall certainty of evidence for all outcomes was very low.
Conclusions: This review provided insights into the clinical importance of telehealth self-management interventions in self-efficacy enhancement among haemodialysis patients. Future researchers are encouraged to optimise telehealth components relevant to the worldwide needs and cultural diversity of adults undergoing haemodialysis.
Implication For Professional Care: Adoption of technological healthcare delivery is vital in establishing positive health outcomes and sustainability of routine patient care pathways.
Patient Or Public Contribution: None.
Registration: PROSPERO CRD42024438860.
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