Signaling pathways behind the biological effects of tanshinone IIA for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a well-known fat-soluble diterpenoid found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, recognized for its various biological effects. The molecular signaling pathways of Tan IIA have been investigated in different diseases, including the anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, neuroprotective effects, and fibrosis prevention. This article provides a brief overview of the signaling pathways related to anti-cancer and cardioprotective effects of Tan IIA. It shows that Tan IIAs anti-cancer ability has good expectation through multiplicity mechanisms affecting various aspects' tumor biology. The major pathways involved in its anti-cancer effects include inhibition of PI3/Akt, MAPK, and p53/p21 signaling which leads to enhancement of immune responses and increased radiation sensitivity. Some essential pathways responsible for cardioprotective effects induced by Tan IIA are PI3/AKT activation, MAPK, and SIRT1 promoting protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in myocardial cells as well as inhibiting pathological remodeling processes. Finally, the article underscores the complex and specific signaling pathways influenced by Tan IIA. The PI3/Akt and MAPK pathways play critical roles in the anti-cancer and cardioprotective effects of Tan IIA. Particularly, Tan IIA suppresses the proliferation of malignancies in cancerous cells but stimulates protective mechanisms in normal cardiovascular cells. These findings highlight the importance of investigating molecular signaling pathways in evaluating the therapeutic potential of natural products. Studying about signaling pathways is vital in understanding the therapeutic aspects of Tan IIA and its derivatives as anti-cancer and cardio-protective agents. Further research is necessary to understand these complex mechanisms.