Thiuram vulcanization accelerators (TVAs) have been identified in multiple dust samples, suggesting a broad extent of their human exposure. However, until recently, the presence of these compounds in human urine, which is an ideal medium for evaluating exposure levels, has not been examined. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of ten types of TVAs in urine samples collected from 201 individuals residing in Quzhou City, China. Our findings revealed the presence of eight TVAs in the human urine samples, with detection frequencies varying between 14% and 91%. Among these TVAs, tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD; mean 5.3 ng/mL, range
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.121018 DOI Listing Publication Analysis
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