Fistulectomy and primary sphincter reconstruction for high cryptoglandular anal fistula: a retrospective cohort study with long-term results.

Background: Surgical repair for high anal fistulas is challenging and can be associated with impaired functional outcomes. This study evaluated the long-term results of transsphincteric fistulectomy with primary sphincter repair for high anal fistulas in terms of recurrence, wound healing, fecal incontinence, and quality of life.

Method: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent surgical repair for high anal fistulas between 2006 and 2015. Data were collected by reviewing patients' electronic hospital records, including demographic characteristics, medical conditions, surgical findings, performed procedures, and follow-up data until the last recorded visit. Functional outcomes were assessed using self-reported online questionnaires for quality of life (RAND SF-36) and fecal incontinence (Wexner score).

Results: Fifty-five patients were included. Primary healing was achieved in 42 (76%) patients, while 13 (24%) experienced recurrence. Following reoperations for recurrence, an additional 12 patients achieved healing, resulting in an overall healing rate of 98%. The median Wexner score was significantly higher in reoperated patients, and the median scores across all eight parameters of the RAND SF-36 were lower. None of the patients required proctectomy, and two ended with permanent stomas.

Conclusion: Surgery for high anal fistulas is associated with a high success rate, but reoperations for recurrence are linked to considerable impairment in functional outcomes.