Longitudinal relationships between negative attitudes towards obesity and muscle dysmorphia symptoms.

Eat Behav

Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, 226 Thach Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. Electronic address:

Published: January 2025

Background: Weight-based discrimination is a major public health problem. The pervasiveness of weight stigma can lead to weight-bias internalization and in turn to deleterious behaviors to change one's appearance. Weight bias internalization is linked to eating disorder behaviors, but whether this relation holds for muscle-building behaviors is unclear. Thus, the current study tested longitudinal relationships between Negative Attitudes Towards Obesity (NATO) and drive for muscularity (DFM), as well as muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptoms.

Method: Undergraduate participants (n = 1175; 79.9 % cisgender women; 87.6 % white; Mage = 19.14) completed the Eating Pathology Symptom Inventory-NATO subscale, Drive for Muscularity Scale, and the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale. Multiple linear regressions, adjusting for gender, examined the longitudinal relationships between NATO, DFM, and MD symptoms.

Results: There were positive longitudinal associations between NATO and DFM, as well as negative longitudinal associations between NATO and muscularity satisfaction.

Conclusion: Greater weight stigmatizing attitudes longitudinally predicted the desire to increase muscularity and engage in muscle-building behaviors. Clinical interventions may target weight stigmatizing attitudes to reduce later symptoms of MD or DFM.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2025.101948DOI Listing

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