Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) causes osteomyelitis (OM), which seriously threatens public health due to its antimicrobial resistance. To increase the sensitivity of antibiotics and eradicate intracellular bacteria, a Zn and vancomycin (Van) codelivered nanotherapeutic (named Man-Zn/Van NPs) was fabricated and characterized via mannose (Man) modification. Man-Zn/Van NPs exhibit significant inhibitory activity against extra- and intracellular MRSA and obviously decrease the minimum inhibitory concentration of Van. Man-Zn/Van NPs can be easily internalized by MRSA-infected macrophages and significantly accumulated in infected bone via Man-mediated targeting. In vivo experiments in a mouse OM model verified that Man-Zn/Van NPs significantly reduce the extra- and intracellular MRSA burden, improve gait patterns, increase bone mass, and decrease inflammatory cytokine expression. The antibacterial mechanism of Man-Zn/Van NPs includes destruction of the MRSA membrane, degeneration of intracellular proteins and DNA, inhibition of MRSA glycolysis, and intervention in the energy metabolism of bacteria. Overall, this metal-antibiotic nanotherapeutics strategy provides new insight for combating extra- and intracellular infections caused by MRSA-induced OM.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c11956DOI Listing

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