Full endoscopic spine surgery is a technique to perform hernia extraction using a single-hole-type endoscope with a coaxial operation system of a sheath, endoscope, and surgical instrument in reflux water. In the lumbar region, the ventral side of the dura mater can be directly approached via the lateral route. Not only is the skin incision small, but damage to muscle tissue is also minimal, which is why it is a minimally invasive surgery. For beginners, the learning curve is gentle because the operation field(2D image, ultra-magnified field of view, underwater), which differs from microsurgery, is developed and a special tool is used. It is important to understand the structure of a tool and select an appropriate tool according to the situation. By rotating the sheath and endoscope, it is possible to ensure the safety of important structures and expand the operation range.
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