Identification of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in the nasal polyp tissue of chronic rhinosinusitis: a comprehensive analysis.

Background: Chronic Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a critical role in tissue remodelling and immunological modulation, which may contribute to the severity and recurrence of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP). Despite extensive research on CRSwNP, the exact role and pathological significance of TGF-β1 in CRSwNP remain poorly understood due to inconsistencies in study methodologies and findings.

Aims/objectives: To resolve discrepancies in the literature, this systematic review compares the levels of TGF-β1 in CRSwNP tissue to controls and Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps (CRSsNP).

Material And Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. Studies assessing TGF-β1 levels in the tissue through various methods were systematically reviewed. Data were extracted on TGF-β1 levels, methodological approaches, and clinical correlations.

Results: The review indicates that TGF-β1 levels were highly variable in controls, elevated in CRSsNP, and broadly ranged in CRSwNP with generally lower levels compared to CRSsNP, placing controls between CRSwNP and CRSsNP.

Conclusions And Significance: Elevated TGF-β1 in CRSsNP points to its significant role in fibrosis and tissue remodeling, which could inform targeted therapeutic approaches and improve management strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis.