Administering the Lidcombe Program to children who stutter with concomitant disorders: Insights from an exploratory retrospective chart review study.

Purpose: Children who stutter (CWS) in clinical settings may present with concomitant disorders (CDs), which can complexify the delivery of the Lidcombe Program (LP). However, there is limited evidence on how CDs influence treatment outcomes in CWS, leaving clinicians with little guidance regarding best practices with these children. This exploratory study, conducted in partnership with a rehabilitation center's clinical team, aims to understand which CDs and suspected CDs speech-language pathologists document when treating CWS with the LP and their relationship to treatment characteristics and outcomes.

Method: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 47 children diagnosed with developmental stuttering who received the LP between 2016 and 2018.

Results: 38 CWS (80.9 %) had either at least one confirmed (59.6 %) or suspected (21.3 %) CD, of which 61.7 % were language-related and 27.6 % attention-related. CWS with diagnosed and suspected CDs had significantly higher stuttering severity rating (SR) scores post-treatment as compared to CWS without CDs (p =.001), although all groups significantly reduced their stuttering. There were high drop-out rates in all groups. CWS with diagnosed and suspected CDs who dropped out had significantly higher SR scores than CWS without CDs who progressed to Stage 2 (p =.011 and p =.014, respectively).

Conclusion: The LP is effective in improving fluency in both CWS with and without CDs. However, CWS with diagnosed or suspected CDs finished or dropped out of Stage 1 with significantly higher SR scores than CWS without CDs. Future research is needed to confirm these results and investigate the factors underlying the observed differences.