Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the meanings and experiences of menopause for trans and gender diverse (TGD) people and how menopause affects clinical practice.
Methods: For this qualitative study in 2021-2022, a scoping literature review informed interview schedule development. Following email invitations, online semi-structured interviews were conducted in March-April 2021 in Australia with three prominent TGD community leaders (trans male, trans female, nonbinary person) and three experienced medical practitioners (general practitioner, endocrinologist, psychiatrist), which were audio-recorded and transcribed. Inductive, iterative thematic analysis of transcripts was conducted. A further literature search was completed in 2024.
Results: Themes identified included the following: (1) no consensus on the definition of menopause for TGD individuals; (2) diverse menopause experiences existing in the TGD community; (3) large variations present regarding perimenopausal hormone therapy for older TGD patients: maintain dose, taper to low dose, or cease hormones; and (4) minimal support for TGD people to discuss menopause and concerns around aging. Saturation was not reached with the sample size.
Conclusions: There is a paucity of relevant research and no consensus on definitions, management, or impacts of menopause for TGD people. Therefore, current management approaches should be individually tailored and guided by clinical expertise. To formulate practical and realistic recommendations for clinical practice, future research could include the following: (1) a broader literature review into varied gender-affirming hormone treatment (GAHT) regimens among aging TGD people; (2) utilizing the Delphi technique to achieve expert consensus regarding GAHT in older TGD individuals; and (3) a prospective study design of TGD participants on different GAHT regimens over time.
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