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Background: Trafficking of immune cells to the central nervous system is hypothesized to facilitate HIV entry and immune-induced neuronal injury and is mediated by surface proteins such as chemokine receptors and α4 integrin. We longitudinally assessed immune cell activation and surface marker expression in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood and their relationship with CSF HIV RNA beginning during primary HIV infection (PHI) before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: Longitudinal paired blood and CSF were obtained in ART-naïve PHI (<12 month since infection) participants; some independently initiated ART during follow up.

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The microenvironment is a rich source of new cancer targets. We thus used a targeted single-guide RNA library to screen a panel of human pancreatic cancer lines for genes uniquely affecting tumorigenesis. Here we show inactivation of the Adapter Protein complex-2 of clathrin-mediated endocytosis reduces cell growth in vitro, but completely oppositely, promotes tumor growth in vivo.

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Targeting RPSA to modulate endosomal trafficking and amyloidogenesis in genetic Alzheimer's disease.

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March 2025

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The "amyloid cascade hypothesis" for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, highlights the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) as a crucial trigger for the pathology. However, AD is an extremely complex disease influenced by multiple pathophysiological processes, making it impossible to attribute its onset to a single hypothesis. The endocytic pathway, where the amyloidogenic processing of APP occurs, has emerged as a pathogenic "hub" for AD.

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Growth factor-triggered de-sialylation controls glycolipid-lectin-driven endocytosis.

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Glycolipid-lectin-driven endocytosis controls the formation of clathrin-independent carriers and the internalization of various cargos such as β1 integrin. Whether this process is regulated in a dynamic manner remained unexplored. Here we demonstrate that, within minutes, the epidermal growth factor triggers the galectin-driven endocytosis of cell-surface glycoproteins, such as integrins, that are key regulators of cell adhesion and migration.

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Commander is an endosome associated sixteen protein assembly that associates with the sorting nexin 17 (SNX17) cargo adaptor to regulate cell surface recycling of internalised integral membrane proteins including integrins and lipoprotein receptors. Mutations in Commander are causative for Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome (RSS), a multiorgan developmental disease associated with a core triad of cerebellar-cardiac-craniofacial malformation. Here, using unbiased proteomics and computational modelling, we identify leucine rich melanocyte differentiation associated (LRMDA) as a novel Commander binding protein.

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