Objectives: We investigated the prevalence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in Estonia in 2020 and 2022, and in Ukrainian war refugees living with HIV who arrived in Estonia in 2022.

Methods: HIV-1 genomic RNA was sequenced in protease-reverse transcriptase and integrase regions. DRMs were determined separately by Stanford University CPR Tool and HIVdb Program. REGA HIV-1 Subtyping Tool and phylogenetic analysis were used for subtyping.

Results: Both regions were successfully sequenced in 79 and 53 individuals in 2020 and 2022 populations, respectively. The DRM rates were 11.4% [95% CI, 5.3-20.5%] in 2020 and 13.2% [95% CI 5.5-25.3%] in 2022. There was a low percentage of resistance to integrase inhibitors (INSTIs): 3.8% [95% CI, 0.8-10.7] in 2020 and 1.9% [95% CI, 0.05-10.1] in 2022. Most Ukrainian war refugees had undetectable VL (57/88, 65%), were women (63%) and majority were infected with subtype A6 viruses. The overall DRM rate for Ukrainian population was 11.5%.

Conclusion: Identifying HIV DRMs using HIVdb Program combined with CPR tools gives comprehensive overview of transmitted drug resistance. Resistance testing might be necessary before initiating ART, if the first-line treatment does not include PI or second-generation INSTIs.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2025.01.008DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

drug resistance
12
2020 2022
12
2022 ukrainian
8
ukrainian war
8
war refugees
8
hivdb program
8
resistance
5
0
5
1
5
transmitted hiv-1
4

Similar Publications

Nonantibiotic strategies are urgently needed to treat acute drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia. Recently, nanomaterial-mediated bacterial cuproptosis has arisen widespread interest due to its superiority against antibiotic resistance. However, it may also cause indiscriminate and irreversible damage to healthy cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Due to the emergence of drug resistance, androgen receptor (AR)-targeted drugs still pose great challenges in the treatment of prostate cancer, and it is urgent to explore an innovative therapeutic strategy. MK-1775, a highly selective WEE1 inhibitor, is shown to have favorable therapeutic benefits in several solid tumor models. Recent evidence suggests that the combination of MK-1775 with DNA-damaging agents could lead to enhanced antitumor efficacy.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Gastric cancer is an aggressive malignancy characterized by significant clinical heterogeneity arising from complex genetic and environmental interactions. This study employed single-cell RNA sequencing, using the 10 × Genomics platform, to analyze 262,532 cells from gastric cancer samples, identifying 32 distinct clusters and 10 major cell types, including immune cells (e.g.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Modulation of placental angiogenesis by metformin in a rat model of gestational diabetes.

Histochem Cell Biol

January 2025

Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) significantly disrupts placental structure and function, leading to complications such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GDM on placental histology, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress, as well as evaluate metformin's protective role in mitigating these changes. A total of 60 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, metformin-treated, GDM, and GDM with metformin.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Advances in understanding the role of squalene epoxidase in cancer prognosis and resistance.

Mol Biol Rep

January 2025

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Bone Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.

Recently, there has been burgeoning interest in the involvement of cholesterol metabolism in cancer. Squalene epoxidase (SQLE), as a critical rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, has garnered attention due to its overexpression in various cancer types, thereby significantly impacting tumor prognosis and resistance mechanisms. Firstly, SQLE contributes to unfavorable prognosis through diverse mechanisms, encompassing modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, manipulation of the cancer microenvironment, and participation in ferroptosis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!