Chronic pain, as a barometer of population health, remains understudied from a socio-structural lens. This study adopts a life course perspective and integrates hukou as a potential institutional arrangement shaping pain, aiming to advance the understanding of health inequalities in China. Specifically, we examine urban-rural disparities in pain prevalence and investigate how these disparities evolve across the life course by using generalized estimating equations and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011-2020 (N = 16479). Our findings indicate that rural hukou holders experience more pain than their urban counterparts. Among rural hukou holders, urban dwelling is associated with a reduced pain risk. Furthermore, we observe that pain prevalence increases with age, yet such pain trajectories vary across urban and rural populations, showing a converging trend in pain over the life course. This study extends the literature on health inequalities by demonstrating how institutional and geographic characteristics jointly shape urban-rural gradients in pain prevalence. Moreover, it provides novel evidence for the age-as-leveler hypothesis in a non-Western context.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117719 | DOI Listing |
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