Mechanical Properties and Optimization Strategies of Tree Fork Structures.

Trees are complex and dynamic living structures, where structural stability is essential for survival and for public safety in urban environments. Tree forks, as structural junctions, are key to tree integrity but are prone to failure under stress. The specific mechanical contributions of their internal conical structures remain largely unexplored. This study explores how conical structures optimize stress distribution, filling key gaps in the understanding of tree fork mechanics and supporting safety assessments. This study focused on the following factors: (1) external shape, (2) internal conical reinforcement, (3) interface of the conical connection, and (4) material changes within the conical structure. By analyzing physical samples to extract structural and morphological features, simulating these features in controlled variable models, and performing finite element analysis, we explored mechanical behavior, stress distribution, and performance characteristics, revealing the factors and mechanisms that strengthen tree forks. Insights from this study may facilitate safety assessments and inform pruning strategies for urban tree management.