Microbial Adhesion and Cytotoxicity of Heat-Polymerized and 3D-Printed Denture Base Materials when Modified with Dimethylaminohexadecyl Methacrylate and/or 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine as Antimicrobial and Protein-Repellent Materials.

Background: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is ideal for denture bases but is prone to biofilm accumulation, leading to denture stomatitis (DS), often involving . Dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) are introduced into dental materials for their antimicrobial and protein-repellent properties. This study investigates the effects of incorporating dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) into heat-polymerized (HP) and 3D-printed (3DP) denture base resins on microbial adhesion and cytotoxicity.

Methods: HP and 3DP denture base specimens were prepared using varying concentrations of DMAHDM and MPC. Microbial adhesion was quantified using CFU counts of , and cytotoxicity was assessed via an MTT assay using fibroblast cells after 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days.

Results: Both DMAHDM and MPC significantly reduced the CFU counts in both HP and 3DP materials; the combination of 1.5% DMAHDM and 3% MPC exhibited the most substantial antimicrobial effects. Cytotoxicity results varied between materials and time points; however, all treated groups maintained cell viability above the 70% threshold, indicating no significant cytotoxic effects.

Conclusion: Incorporating DMAHDM and MPC into denture base resins can effectively reduce microbial adhesion while maintaining acceptable cytotoxicity levels.