Energy-Efficient Aerial STAR-RIS-Aided Computing Offloading and Content Caching for Wireless Sensor Networks.

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) hold great promise for supporting ground-based sensors due to the mobility of UAVs and the ease of establishing line-of-sight links. UAV-based WSNs equipped with mobile edge computing (MEC) servers effectively mitigate challenges associated with long-distance transmission and the limited coverage of edge base stations (BSs), emerging as a powerful paradigm for both communication and computing services. Furthermore, incorporating simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) as passive relays significantly enhances the propagation environment and service quality of UAV-based WSNs. However, most existing studies place STAR-RISs in fixed positions, ignoring the flexibility of STAR-RISs. Some other studies equip UAVs with STAR-RISs, and UAVs act as flight carriers, ignoring the computing and caching capabilities of UAVs. To address these limitations, we propose an energy-efficient aerial STAR-RIS-aided computing offloading and content caching framework, where we formulate an energy consumption minimization problem to jointly optimize content caching decisions, computing offloading decisions, UAV hovering positions, and STAR-RIS passive beamforming. Given the non-convex nature of this problem, we decompose it into a content caching decision subproblem, a computing offloading decision subproblem, a hovering position subproblem, and a STAR-RIS resource allocation subproblem. We propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-successive convex approximation (SCA) combined algorithm to iteratively achieve near-optimal solutions with low complexity. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively utilizes resources in UAV-based WSNs and significantly reduces overall system energy consumption.