Perinatal and Delivery Outcomes Following Amniocentesis: A Case-Control Study in the Polish Population.

Amniocentesis is a widely used invasive prenatal diagnostic procedure, recognized for its high sensitivity and low risk of complications. This study aims to evaluate the association between amniocentesis and pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, preterm rupture of membranes (PROM), and preterm birth, as well as perinatal outcomes. A case-control study was conducted at the Regional Hospital in Kielce, Poland, from 2016 to 2022, involving 1834 patients, 225 of whom underwent amniocentesis, while 1609 did not receive any invasive diagnostics. Data were collected from medical records and included maternal factors such as age, BMI, delivery mode, complications, and newborn condition. The study found no statistically significant differences between the study and the control groups regarding pregnancy or perinatal characteristics. Miscarriage occurred in 1.9% of the patients in the amniocentesis group, with no cases in the control group. Rates of preterm delivery were similar between groups (8.33% in the study group vs. 5.74% in the control group, > 0.05). Postnatal outcomes, such as birth term, birth weight, and Apgar scores, were comparable across both groups. Fetal growth restriction was slightly more frequent in the study group (2.8% vs. 0.8%). One neonatal death was observed in each group. The relative risk of complications following amniocentesis was 1.69 (CI 0.38-7.24). Amniocentesis is a safe invasive prenatal procedure. It should be offered to every pregnant woman when necessary. Before the procedure, the patient should be clearly informed of the risk related to amniocentesis but at the same time reassured that the complication rate is very low.