Conjugation of short-chain fatty acids (SDFAs) to amines containing ring structures allows for better measurement by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). However, collision-induced dissociation (CID) results in breaking the conjugate back to the original SCFA and amine. We therefore set out to find an amine that would remain on the SCFA after CID and create a unique daughter for selectivity of measurement. Of twenty-seven amines with ring structures, we found four that contain bicycle-type structures (two rings connected by a carbon) with nitrogen in the second ring. CID removes the second ring at the nitrogen, leaving the first ring on the daughter. Of the four amines, 4-(pyrrolidine-1-ylmethyl) benzylamine (4PyBA) showed the strongest conjugation. Conjugation of 4PyBA to SCFA (C3-C6), their isomers and their phenylated versions (and isomers) resulted in good chromatographic peaks and separation. CID resulted in unique daughters that allowed for selectivity of measurement. Using this method, standard curves were generated that show good linearity (r2 > 0.99) in the nM and μM range with lower limits of detection between 40 and 229 nM for a 10 μL sample. Finally, we used this method to measure SCFA in plasma, liver, platelets, and red blood cells, demonstrating its use in biological systems. Because SCFAs are an index of microbiome diversity in the gastrointestinal track, this method will allow us to study changes in SCFAs and the microbiome in pathologic conditions including trauma, hemorrhage, and sepsis.
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Int J Biol Macromol
January 2025
School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Characteristics Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China. Electronic address:
The limited solubility, rapid metabolism, and poor bioavailability of curcumin restrict its application. In this study, we synthesized chickpea protein isolate (CPI)-citrus pectin (CP) conjugates to prepare an emulsion delivery system that enhances the stability and bioavailability of curcumin. The CPI-CP emulsion achieved a curcumin encapsulation efficiency of 86.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
January 2025
Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA.
Conjugation of short-chain fatty acids (SDFAs) to amines containing ring structures allows for better measurement by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). However, collision-induced dissociation (CID) results in breaking the conjugate back to the original SCFA and amine. We therefore set out to find an amine that would remain on the SCFA after CID and create a unique daughter for selectivity of measurement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Members of the gut microbiome encounter a barrage of host- and microbe-derived microbiocidal factors that must be overcome to maintain fitness in the intestine. The long-term stability of many gut microbiome strains within the microbiome suggests the existence of strain-specific strategies that have evolved to foster resilience to such insults. Despite this, little is known about the mechanisms that mediate this resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiotechnol Notes
November 2024
Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India, 176206.
Nano Lett
January 2025
Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
RNA-lipid interactions directly influence RNA activity, which plays a crucial role in the development of new applications in medicine and biotechnology. However, while specific preferential behaviors between RNA and lipid bilayers have been identified experimentally, their molecular origin remains unexplored. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interaction between RNA and membranes composed of zwitterionic lipids at the atomistic level.
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