Two 3D-printed crown materials (Crown and Ceramic Crown) were examined to determine the best surface treatment and primers for bonding. Discs of the two materials were printed and mounted with their "intaglio" surfaces untouched. Half the specimens from each group were sandblasted with 50 µm alumina. Then, specimens were divided into four groups (n = 10): Gr1-no further treatment; Gr2-one coat of silane; Gr3-one coat of universal adhesive; Gr4-one coat of silane, then one coat of universal adhesive. Bond strength specimens were prepared with an Ultradent shear bond strength apparatus using Filtek Supreme composite. Specimens were stored for 8 weeks in 37 °C water. The specimens were debonded with a circular notched-edge blade applied at 1 mm/min, and the shear bond strength was calculated. The data were compared with a two-way ANOVA (factors: surface treatment and primer) and a Tukey post hoc analysis for both materials independently, with < 0.01 considered meaningful. The filler content (burned ash) and resin content (FTIR) of the materials were determined. For both materials, factors surface treatment and primer were significant ( < 0.01), but their interaction was not ( = 0.43 for Crown and = 0.34 for Ceramic Crown). Alumina air particle abrasion improved the bond strength for both materials. The Tukey post hoc analysis grouped primer treatments into the same statistically different groups for both materials: Gr1 and Gr2 < Gr3 and Gr4. The filler percentage of Crown was 32.7% and Ceramic Crown was 48.2%. Resin content was similar for both materials. The most effective method to bond to 3D-printed crowns (regardless of filler percentage) was to sandblast with 50 µm alumina and apply a layer of adhesive (with or without previous application of silane).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma18020265 | DOI Listing |
Sci Bull (Beijing)
January 2025
Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Emerging Functional Coating Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address:
The discontinuous fiber reinforced hydrogels are easy to fail due to the fracture of the fiber matrix during load-bearing. Here, we propose a novel strategy based on the synergistic reinforcement of interconnected natural fiber networks at multiple scales to fabricate hydrogels with extraordinary mechanical properties. Specifically, the P(AA-AM)/Cel (P(AA-AM), poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide); Cel, cellulose) hydrogel is synthesized by copolymerizing AA and AM on a substrate of paper with an interconnected hollow cellulose microfiber network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
January 2025
School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, 202 W Boyd St., Norman, OK 73019, USA.
With 3D printing technology, fiber-reinforced polymer composites can be printed with radical shapes and properties, resulting in varied mechanical performances. Their high strength, light weight, and corrosion resistance are already advantages that make them viable for physical civil infrastructure. It is important to understand these composites' behavior when used in concrete, as their association can impact debonding failures and overall structural performance.
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January 2025
Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan.
Calcified tissues in living organisms, such as bone, dentin, and enamel, often require surgical intervention for treatment. However, advances in regenerative medicine have increased the demand for materials to assist in regenerating these tissues. Among the various forms of calcium phosphate (CaP), tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-particularly its α-TCP form-stands out due to its high solubility and efficient calcium release, making it a promising candidate for bone regeneration applications.
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January 2025
Institute for Preservation and Conservation of Chinese Ancient Books, Fudan University Library, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
Paper-based cultural relics experience aging and deterioration during their long-term preservation, which poses a serious threat to their lifetime. The development of conservation materials with high compatibility and low intervention has been expected to extend the lifetime of paper artifacts. As a new type of biological macromolecule, nanocellulose has been extensively utilized in paper conservation, attributed to its excellent paper compatibility, high optical transparency, outstanding mechanical strength, and large specific surface area with abundant hydroxyl groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
January 2025
School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
To improve the application of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) in civil engineering, the long-term durability of CFRP anchorage systems has become a critical issue. Temperature fluctuations can significantly impact the bond performance between CFRPs and the load transfer medium (LTM), making it essential to understand the effects of temperature on the durability of CFRP anchorages. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of temperature on the durability of CFRP anchorages through aging tests on 30 epoxy-filled CFRP-bonded anchorage specimens, followed by pull-out tests.
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