Quinoa is the only single plant that can meet all the nutritional needs of human, and its potential for feed utilization has been continuously explored, becoming a prosperous industry for poverty alleviation. In order to further tap the feeding value of whole quinoa, develop quinoa as a feed substitute for conventional crops such as corn, and improve its comprehensive utilization rate, this experiment analyzed the silage quality and mycotoxin content of mixed silage of whole-plant quinoa (WPQ) with whole-plant corn (WPC) or stevia powder(SP) in different proportions, and further improved the silage quality of mixed silage by using two lactic acid bacteria preparations (Sila-Max and Sila-Mix). The quality, microbial population, and mycotoxin levels of quinoa and corn silage, as well as that of the mixed silage of quinoa and stevia, were evaluated using single-factor analysis of variance. The impact of various lactic acid bacteria preparations on the quality of whole-quinoa and whole-corn mixed silage was investigated through two-factor analysis of variance. WPQ and WPC were mixed at the ratio of 5:5 (QB5), 6:4 (QB6), 7:3 (QB7), 8:2 (QB8), 9:1 (QB9) and 10:0 (QB10). SP was mixed with WPQ at the supplemental levels of 0.2% (QB10S2), 0.4% (QB10S4), 0.6% (QB10S6), 0.8% (QB10S8) and 1.0% (QB10S10). After 60 days of silage, the silage indexes, the number of harmful microorganisms, and the mycotoxin levels were measured, to explore the appropriate ratio of mixed silage. The membership function analysis showed that the quality of mixed silage of WPQ with SP was better, and the optimal addition amount of SP was 0.6%. The results of Max and Mix on the quality improvement test of WPQ with WPC mixed silage showed that the two lactic acid bacteria formulations increased CP and AA content, and reduced NH-N/TN; pH was significantly lower than the control group ( < 0.01), and LA was significantly higher than the control group ( < 0.01). The microbial count results showed that the addition of lactic acid bacteria preparation significantly reduced the number of molds and aerobic bacteria, and the effect of Mix was better than that of Max. When the mixing ratio was between QB7 and QB10, mold was not detected in the lactic-acid-bacteria preparation groups. Max and Mix significantly reduced the levels of mycotoxins, both of which were far below the range of feed safety testing, and 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the silage microbiota varied with different mixing ratios and whether lactic acid bacteria preparations were used. Max and Mix increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, with Mix having a more significant effect, especially in the QB6 (65.05%) and QB7 (63.61%) groups. The relative abundance of was significantly higher than that of the control group ( < 0.05). The relative abundance of and were negatively and positively correlated with the addition level of quinoa, respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that adding 0.6% SP to the WPQ and using Mix in mixed silage of WPQ and WPC with the proportion of WPQ no less than 70% had the best silage effect, and was more beneficial to animal health.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13010078 | DOI Listing |
Microorganisms
January 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Quinoa is the only single plant that can meet all the nutritional needs of human, and its potential for feed utilization has been continuously explored, becoming a prosperous industry for poverty alleviation. In order to further tap the feeding value of whole quinoa, develop quinoa as a feed substitute for conventional crops such as corn, and improve its comprehensive utilization rate, this experiment analyzed the silage quality and mycotoxin content of mixed silage of whole-plant quinoa (WPQ) with whole-plant corn (WPC) or stevia powder(SP) in different proportions, and further improved the silage quality of mixed silage by using two lactic acid bacteria preparations (Sila-Max and Sila-Mix). The quality, microbial population, and mycotoxin levels of quinoa and corn silage, as well as that of the mixed silage of quinoa and stevia, were evaluated using single-factor analysis of variance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Microbiol
January 2025
Collage of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Objective: Wet distiller's grains (WDG) are rich in crude protein, yet challenging to preserve. Nevertheless, incorporating WDG into total mixed ration (TMR) silage holds promise for enhancing fermentation quality. This study investigated the effects of varying WDG proportions on nitrogen composition, fermentation quality, and microorganisms in TMR silage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dairy Sci
January 2025
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec Research and Development Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 2J3 Canada.
This study examined the effects of supplementing dairy cows with a mixture of essential oils on enteric CH emissions, apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility, N utilization, and lactational performance (production, components and efficiency). Thirty-two multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design. Cows averaged (mean ± SD) 95 ± 15.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dairy Sci
January 2025
Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA. Electronic address:
This observational study evaluated the relationship between lung consolidation observed at weaning and calf ADG, and the association of pathogen shedding at weaning on ADG in beef × dairy calves up to 238 d. Beef × Holstein calves (n = 143) were sourced from 2 dairies. Calves were managed in 3 cohorts and fed milk replacer and calf starter preweaning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)
January 2025
Centre for Animal Nutrition and Welfare, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Increasing droughts adversely affect grasslands, diminishing the availability and quality of forages for ruminants. We have recently shown that mixed ensiling of drought-impaired grass (DIG) with sugar beet pulp (SBP) improved the conservation and feed value of silage. The application of silage additives may further improve the ruminal degradability, which may thereby shape the fermentation and microbiome in the rumen when those silages are tested as part of dairy diets.
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