Exploring fetal growth patterns in the second trimester: insights from ultrasound measurements among the Minangkabau Ethnic Group in Indonesia.

Background: Understanding fetal growth is essential for predicting perinatal outcomes and long-term health implications. This study explores the correlation between ultrasound parameters and gestational age in the Minangkabau ethnic group, focusing on the biometric variables biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and humerus length (HL) during the second trimester.

Methods: Conducted from December 2020 to December 2021, the research employed a cross-sectional design at the Fetomaternal clinic of Hospital M. Djamil Padang and affiliated hospitals. Pregnant women (n = 600) meeting inclusion criteria were sampled consecutively. Univariate, bivariate (Pearson correlation test), and multivariate (linear regression) analyses were performed using SPSS software.

Results: Demographically, most participants were 21-30 years old, primigravida, with senior high school education, and employed. Fetal biometric measurements displayed increasing variability with gestational age. AC exhibited the strongest correlation (r = 0.95, p < 0.005) with gestational age during the second trimester. The study validated the accuracy of AC in estimating gestational age based on LMP (r = 0.95, p = 0.0001).

Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of fetal growth dynamics, emphasizing the reliability of ultrasound parameters in estimating gestational age during the second trimester, particularly in the Minangkabau ethnic group. The strong correlation, especially with AC, enhances the precision of due date predictions and refines prenatal care strategies. However, limitations include the study's focus on a single ethnic group, potentially restricting generalizability. Future research should explore fetal growth dynamics across diverse populations, incorporate longitudinal designs to assess growth trajectories, and evaluate additional maternal and environmental factors. Enhanced standardization of AC measurement techniques is also necessary to reduce variability and improve clinical utility.